Problem, "Unknown column 'Jon' in 'field list'"

//Textbox information
$name=$_POST['name'];
$surename=$_POST['surename'];
$day=$_POST['day'];
$month=$_POST['month'];
$year=$_POST['year'];
$gender=$_POST['gender'];
$report=$_POST['raport'];

mysql_query("INSERT INTO raport(firstname,surename,day,month,year,gender,raport) VALUES($name, $surename, $day, $month, $year, $gender, $report) ") or die(mysql_error());  

The error says "Unknown column 'Jon' in 'field list'"
Well, i kinda know why i get the problem, but i have no clue how to fix it...
As you see in my code under the "//Textbox Information" in the "$name" variable. It gets the information from a textbox in another PHP-file where i typed the name "Jon".

My questions is:"Why is this happening? How do i fix it?"

I would appreciate the help!
,cheers Sebwerner